Type of dust and health effects

Types of Particulate Matter

Particulate matter (PM) is a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air. It can be classified into two main categories based on its source:

Natural sources of PM include:

• Dust, sand, and soil particles blown by the wind
• Sea salt particles
• Water droplets from rivers, lakes, and oceans
• Smoke and soot from wildfires

Human-made sources of PM include:

• Fuel combustion, such as from vehicles, power plants, and factories

• Construction

• Traffic

• Waste incineration

Classification of Particulate Matter by Size

Particulate matter can also be classified into three categories based on its size:

• Coarse particulate matter (PM10) has a diameter of 10 micrometers (µm) or greater. It is often visible to the naked eye, such as dust from soil, sand, and stone.

• Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has a diameter of 2.5 µm or less. It can remain suspended in the air for longer than coarse particulate matter and can enter the lungs.

• Ultrafine particulate matter (UFPM) has a diameter of 0.1 µm or less. It is so small that it can enter the bloodstream.

Health Effects of Particulate Matter
Particulate matter of all sizes can have adverse health effects, depending on the size of the particles and the length of exposure. Particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 µm or less (PM2.5) is more likely to have adverse health effects because it can enter the lungs and bloodstream. Particulate matter can cause a variety of health problems, including:

• Respiratory problems such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

• Cardiovascular problems such as heart disease and stroke

• Other health problems such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease

Preventing Particulate Matter Exposure

There are several ways to prevent exposure to particulate matter, including:

• Avoiding direct contact with particulate matter, such as wearing a mask when exposed to particulate matter

• Keeping doors and windows closed to prevent particulate matter from entering from the outside

• Regularly cleaning your home and living area

• Planting trees to help filter particulate matter

Reducing Particulate Matter in the Air
Reducing the amount of particulate matter in the air can be done by reducing activities that produce particulate matter, such as:

• Driving less

• Using energy efficiently

• Managing waste properly

Particulate matter is a global health problem with significant health consequences. There are a number of things that can be done to prevent exposure to particulate matter, including wearing a mask, keeping doors and windows closed, regularly cleaning your home, planting trees, and using air purifiers and vacuum cleaners.